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Object-oriented computer programming language

This commodity is about the mod programming linguistic communication for .Net. For the original Visual Basic, the last version of which was Visual Bones vi.0, run across Visual Basic (classic).

Visual Basic

Prototype	Multi-paradigm: structured, imperative, object-oriented, declarative, generic, reflective and issue-driven
Designed by	Microsoft
Programmer	Microsoft
First appeared	2001; 21 years ago  (2001)
Stable release	xvi.9.15[one] / 14 December 2021; 4 months agone  (14 December 2021)
Typing discipline	Static, both strong and weak,[two] both safe and unsafe,[2] nominative
Platform	.Net Framework, Mono, .Cyberspace[3] [four]
OS	Importantly Windows Also on Android, BSD, iOS, Linux, macOS, Solaris, and Unix
License	Roslyn compiler: Apache License two.0[5]
Filename extensions	.vb
Website	docs.microsoft.com/dotnet/visual-bones/
Major implementations
.NET Framework SDK, Roslyn Compiler and Mono
Dialects
Microsoft Visual Basic
Influenced by
Classic Visual Bones
Influenced
Small Basic

Visual Basic, originally called Visual Basic .Cyberspace (VB.Cyberspace), is a multi-paradigm, object-oriented programming language, implemented on .NET, Mono, and the .NET Framework. Microsoft launched VB.Internet in 2002 as the successor to its original Visual Basic language, the last version of which was Visual Bones 6.0. Although the ".Internet" portion of the proper name was dropped in 2005, this commodity uses "Visual Bones [.Net]" to refer to all Visual Basic languages released since 2002, in order to distinguish betwixt them and the classic Visual Basic. Along with C# and F#, it is one of the 3 chief languages targeting the .Internet ecosystem. As of March 11, 2020, Microsoft announced that evolution of the VB.Internet language has concluded.^[4]

Microsoft'southward integrated evolution surround (IDE) for developing in Visual Basic is Visual Studio. Most Visual Studio editions are commercial; the only exceptions are Visual Studio Express and Visual Studio Community, which are freeware. In addition, the .Net Framework SDK includes a freeware command-line compiler called vbc.exe. Mono also includes a command-line VB.Net compiler.

Visual Basic is oftentimes used in conjunction with the Windows Forms GUI library to make desktop apps for Windows. Programming for Windows Forms with Visual Bones involves dragging and dropping controls on a course using a GUI designer and writing corresponding code for each control.

Syntax [edit]

This department needs expansion. You lot tin can help past adding to it. (April 2014)

Visual Basic uses statements to specify deportment. The almost mutual statement is an expression statement, consisting of an expression to exist evaluated, on a single line. Every bit part of that evaluation, functions or subroutines may be chosen and variables may be assigned new values. To alter the normal sequential execution of statements, Visual Basic provides several command-flow statements identified by reserved keywords. Structured programming is supported by several constructs including two conditional execution constructs (If ... Then ... Else ... End If and Select Case ... Example ... Finish Select ) and three iterative execution (loop) constructs (Practice ... Loop, For ... To, and For Each) . The For ... To statement has divide initialisation and testing sections, both of which must be nowadays. (See examples below.) The For Each statement steps through each value in a listing.

In addition, in Visual Bones:

• There is no unified way of defining blocks of statements. Instead, certain keywords, such equally "If … Then" or "Sub" are interpreted as starters of sub-blocks of code and have matching termination keywords such every bit "Terminate If" or "End Sub".
• Statements are terminated either with a colon (":") or with the end of line. Multiple-line statements in Visual Basic are enabled with " _" at the finish of each such line. The demand for the underscore continuation character was largely removed in version 10 and afterward versions.^[6]
• The equals sign ("=") is used in both assigning values to variables and in comparison.
• Round brackets (parentheses) are used with arrays, both to declare them and to get a value at a given index in one of them. Visual Basic uses round brackets to define the parameters of subroutines or functions.
• A single quotation marking (') or the keyword REM, placed at the beginning of a line or after whatsoever number of infinite or tab characters at the start of a line, or after other code on a line, indicates that the (rest of the) line is a annotate.

Simple example [edit]

The following is a very simple Visual Basic programme, a version of the classic "Hullo, Globe!" example created equally a panel application:

                        Module            Module1            Sub            Master            ()            ' The classic "Hello, Earth!" demonstration plan            Console            .            WriteLine            (            "Hello, Globe!"            )            End            Sub            End            Module          

It prints "Hello, World!" on a command-line window. Each line serves a specific purpose, every bit follows:

This is a module definition. Modules are a division of lawmaking, which can incorporate any kind of object, like constants or variables, functions or methods, or classes, only can't be instantiated as objects like classes and cannot inherit from other modules. Modules serve as containers of code that tin be referenced from other parts of a program.^[7]
It is common practice for a module and the code file which contains information technology to have the same name. However, this is not required, every bit a single code file may contain more than than one module and/or class.

This line defines a subroutine called "Main". "Main" is the entry indicate, where the program begins execution.^[8]

                        Console            .            WriteLine            (            "Hello, world!"            )          

This line performs the actual task of writing the output. Console is a system object, representing a command-line interface (likewise known equally a "panel") and granting programmatic admission to the operating system'south standard streams. The program calls the Console method WriteLine, which causes the cord passed to information technology to exist displayed on the panel.

Instead of Console.WriteLine, one could utilize MsgBox, which prints the message in a dialog box instead of a command-line window.^[9]

Complex case [edit]

This piece of lawmaking outputs Floyd'due south Triangle to the console:

                        Imports            Organisation.Console            Module            Programme            Sub            Master            ()            Dim            rows            As            Integer            ' Input validation.            Do            Until            Integer            .            TryParse            (            ReadLine            (            "Enter a value for how many rows to exist displayed: "            &            vbcrlf            ),            rows            )            AndAlso            rows            >=            1            WriteLine            (            "Allowed range is 1 and {0}"            ,            Integer            .            MaxValue            )            Loop            ' Output of Floyd's Triangle            Dim            current            As            Integer            =            1            Dim            row            As            Integer            Dim            cavalcade            As            Integer            For            row            =            1            To            rows            For            column            =            1            To            row            Write            (            "{0,-2} "            ,            current            )            current            +=            one            Next            WriteLine            ()            Next            End            Sub            ''' <summary>            ''' Like Console.ReadLine but takes a prompt string.            ''' </summary>            Function            ReadLine            (            Optional            prompt            Every bit            String            =            Nothing            )            Equally            String            If            prompt            IsNot            Cypher            Then            Write            (            prompt            )            End            If            Return            Console            .            ReadLine            ()            Terminate            Office            End            Module          

Comparing with the archetype Visual Basic [edit]

Whether Visual Basic .NET should be considered as just another version of Visual Basic or a completely different language is a topic of debate. At that place are new additions to support new features, such as structured exception handling and short-circuited expressions. Also, ii important data-type changes occurred with the motility to VB.Net: compared to Visual Basic 6, the Integer data type has been doubled in length from 16 bits to 32 $.25, and the Long data type has been doubled in length from 32 bits to 64 bits. This is true for all versions of VB.NET. A 16-bit integer in all versions of VB.NET is now known as a Short. Similarly, the Windows Forms editor is very similar in style and function to the Visual Basic course editor.

The things that accept changed significantly are the semantics—from those of an object-based programming language running on a deterministic, reference-counted engine based on COM to a fully object-oriented linguistic communication backed by the .NET Framework, which consists of a combination of the Mutual Language Runtime (a virtual auto using generational garbage collection and a just-in-fourth dimension compilation engine) and a far larger course library. The increased breadth of the latter is also a problem that VB developers take to bargain with when coming to the language, although this is somewhat addressed by the My feature in Visual Studio 2005.

The changes have altered many underlying assumptions about the "correct" thing to practise with respect to performance and maintainability. Some functions and libraries no longer exist; others are available, only not as efficient every bit the "native" .Internet alternatives. Even if they compile, virtually converted Visual Basic 6 applications will require some level of refactoring to take full advantage of the new linguistic communication. Documentation is bachelor to cover changes in the syntax, debugging applications, deployment and terminology.^[10]

Comparative examples [edit]

The following unproblematic examples compare VB and VB.Internet syntax. They assume that the developer has created a form, placed a push button on information technology and has associated the subroutines demonstrated in each example with the click result handler of the mentioned button. Each example creates a "Hello, World" message box after the button on the form is clicked.

Visual Basic 6:

                        Individual            Sub            Command1_Click            ()            MsgBox            "Hi, Earth"            End            Sub          

VB.Cyberspace (MsgBox or MessageBox course tin be used):

                        Private            Sub            Button1_Click            (            sender            As            object            ,            e            As            EventArgs            )            Handles            Button1            .            Click            MsgBox            (            "Hello, World"            )            End            Sub          

• Both Visual Bones half-dozen and Visual Basic .Cyberspace automatically generate the Sub and End Sub statements when the corresponding button is double-clicked in design view. Visual Bones .Cyberspace volition also generate the necessary Class and End Class statements. The developer need but add the statement to display the "Hullo, World" message box.
• All procedure calls must be made with parentheses in VB.NET, whereas in Visual Basic 6 there were different conventions for functions (parentheses required) and subs (no parentheses allowed, unless called using the keyword Phone call).
• The names Command1 and Button1 are not obligatory. Withal, these are default names for a control button in Visual Bones half-dozen and VB.Internet respectively.
• In VB.Internet, the Handles keyword is used to make the sub Button1_Click a handler for the Click effect of the object Button1. In Visual Bones vi, event handler subs must take a specific proper name consisting of the object'southward name ("Command1"), an underscore ("_"), and the upshot's name ("Click", hence "Command1_Click").
• At that place is a function called MessageBox.Show in the Microsoft.VisualBasic namespace which can be used (instead of MsgBox) similarly to the corresponding office in Visual Basic 6. In that location is a controversy^[11] most which function to use as a best practice (non only restricted to showing message boxes but also regarding other features of the Microsoft.VisualBasic namespace). Some programmers prefer to do things "the .NET way", since the Framework classes have more than features and are less language-specific. Others argue that using linguistic communication-specific features makes code more readable (for example, using int (C#) or Integer (VB.NET) instead of System.Int32).
• In Visual Basic 2008, the inclusion of ByVal sender equally Object, ByVal e every bit EventArgs has go optional.

The post-obit example demonstrates a divergence betwixt Visual Basic 6 and VB.NET. Both examples close the active window.

Visual Bones 6:

                        Sub            cmdClose_Click            ()            Unload            Me            Terminate            Sub          

VB.Net:

                        Sub            btnClose_Click            (            sender            As            Object            ,            due east            As            EventArgs            )            Handles            btnClose            .            Click            Shut            ()            Cease            Sub          

The 'cmd' prefix is replaced by the 'btn' prefix, conforming to the new convention previously mentioned.^{[ which? ]}

Visual Bones 6 did not provide mutual operator shortcuts. The post-obit are equivalent:

Visual Basic 6:

                        Sub            Timer1_Timer            ()            'Reduces Course Pinnacle past one pixel per tick            Me            .            Pinnacle            =            Me            .            Height            -            1            End            Sub          

VB.NET:

                        Sub            Timer1_Tick            (            sender            As            Object            ,            e            Every bit            EventArgs            )            Handles            Timer1            .            Tick            Me            .            Height            -=            1            End            Sub          

Comparison with C# [edit]

C# and Visual Basic are Microsoft'southward commencement languages made to plan on the .Cyberspace Framework (later adding F# and more; others have also added languages). Though C# and Visual Basic are syntactically different, that is where the differences mostly end. Microsoft adult both of these languages to exist part of the same .NET Framework development platform. They are both developed, managed, and supported by the same language development squad at Microsoft.^[12] They compile to the same intermediate language (IL), which runs against the same .Cyberspace Framework runtime libraries.^[13] Although there are some differences in the programming constructs, their differences are primarily syntactic and, assuming one avoids the Visual Basic "Compatibility" libraries provided past Microsoft to assist conversion from Visual Basic half-dozen, almost every feature in VB has an equivalent feature in C# and vice versa. Lastly, both languages reference the same Base Classes of the .Cyberspace Framework to extend their functionality. As a result, with few exceptions, a programme written in either language can be run through a elementary syntax converter to translate to the other. There are many open source and commercially available products for this chore.

Examples [edit]

Hello World! [edit]

Windows Forms Awarding [edit]

Requires a button called Button1.

                        Public            Course            Form1            Individual            Sub            Button1_Click            (            sender            Equally            Object            ,            e            Equally            EventArgs            )            Handles            Button1            .            Click            MsgBox            (            "Howdy world!"            ,            MsgBoxStyle            .            Data            ,            "Hullo globe!"            )            ' Bear witness a message that says "Hello world!".            Terminate            Sub            End            Class          

Console Application [edit]

                        Module            Module1            Sub            Main            ()            Panel            .            WriteLine            (            "Hi earth!"            )            ' Write in the console "Hello globe!" and start a new line.            Panel            .            ReadKey            ()            ' The user must press whatever fundamental before the application ends.            Stop            Sub            End            Module          

Speaking [edit]

Windows Forms Application [edit]

Requires a TextBox titled 'TextBox1' and a push button called Button1.

                        Public            Class            Form1            Private            Sub            Button1_Click            (            sender            As            Object            ,            eastward            Equally            EventArgs            )            Handles            Button1            .            Click            CreateObject            (            "Sapi.Spvoice"            ).            Speak            (            TextBox1            .            Text            )            End            Sub            End            Form          

Console Application [edit]

                        Module            Module1            Private            Voice            =            CreateObject            (            "Sapi.Spvoice"            )            Individual            Text            Every bit            String            Sub            Principal            ()            Console            .            Write            (            "Enter the text to speak: "            )            ' Say "Enter the text to speak: "            Text            =            Console            .            ReadLine            ()            ' The user must enter the text to speak.            Voice            .            Speak            (            Text            )            ' Speak the text the user has entered.            Finish            Sub            End            Module          

Version history [edit]

Succeeding the classic Visual Basic version 6.0, the first version of Visual Basic .NET debuted in 2002. Every bit of 2020^[update], ten versions of Visual Basic .NET are released.

2002 (VB 7.0) [edit]

The first version, Visual Bones .Internet, relies on .NET Framework i.0. The almost of import feature is managed lawmaking, which contrasts with the classic Visual Basic.

2003 (VB 7.1) [edit]

Visual Basic .Internet 2003 was released with .NET Framework 1.1. New features included support for the .Internet Compact Framework and a better VB upgrade wizard. Improvements were besides made to the operation and reliability of .NET IDE (particularly the background compiler) and runtime. In addition, Visual Bones .NET 2003 was available in the Visual Studio.Net Academic Edition, distributed to a certain number of scholars^{[ weasel words ]} from each land without cost.

2005 (VB viii.0) [edit]

After Visual Bones .NET 2003, Microsoft dropped ".NET" from the name of the product, calling the next version Visual Bones 2005.

For this release, Microsoft added many features intended to reinforce Visual Basic .Internet's focus as a rapid application development platform and further differentiate it from C#., including:

• Edit and Keep feature^{[ further caption needed ]}
• Design-time expression evaluation^{[ further explanation needed ]}
• A pseudo-namespace called "My", which provides:^{[xiv] [xv]}
  • Easy access to certain areas of the .NET Framework that otherwise require significant lawmaking to access like using My . Form2 . Text = " MainForm " rather than System . WindowsApplication1 . Forms . Form2 . text = " MainForm "
  • Dynamically generated classes (eastward.g. My.Forms)
• Improved VB-to-VB.NET converter^[16]
• A "using" keyword, simplifying the use of objects that crave the Dispose pattern to costless resources
• Merely My Code feature, which hides (steps over) average code written by the Visual Studio .NET IDE and system library code during debugging
• Data Source bounden, easing database client/server evolution

To bridge the gaps between itself and other .NET languages, this version added:

• Generics^[17]
• Partial classes, a method of defining some parts of a class in one file and then adding more definitions later; particularly useful for integrating user code with auto-generated code
• Operator overloading and nullable types^[18]
• Support for unsigned integer data types usually used in other languages

Visual Basic 2005 introduced the IsNot operator that makes 'If Ten IsNot Y' equivalent to 'If Not X Is Y'. It gained notoriety^[19] when it was plant to exist the subject of a Microsoft patent application.^{[20] [21]}

2008 (VB ix.0) [edit]

Visual Basic 9.0 was released forth with .Internet Framework three.5 on November 19, 2007.

For this release, Microsoft added many features, including:

• A true conditional operator, "If(condition as boolean, truepart, falsepart)", to replace the "IIf" office.
• Anonymous types
• Back up for LINQ
• Lambda expressions
• XML Literals
• Type Inference
• Extension methods

2010 (VB 10.0) [edit]

In April 2010, Microsoft released Visual Basic 2010. Microsoft had planned to employ Dynamic Linguistic communication Runtime (DLR) for that release^[22] but shifted to a co-development strategy between Visual Bones and sis language C# to bring both languages into closer parity with one another. Visual Basic's innate ability to interact dynamically with CLR and COM objects has been enhanced to piece of work with dynamic languages built on the DLR such every bit IronPython and IronRuby.^[23] The Visual Basic compiler was improved to infer line continuation in a set of common contexts, in many cases removing the need for the " _" line continuation characters. As well, existing support of inline Functions was complemented with support for inline Subs likewise as multi-line versions of both Sub and Part lambdas.^[24]

2012 (VB 11.0) [edit]

Visual Bones 2012 was released aslope .Cyberspace Framework 4.5. Major features introduced in this version include:^{[ farther explanation needed ]}

• Asynchronous programming with "async" and "wait" statements
• Iterators
• Call bureaucracy
• Caller information
• "Global" keyword in "namespace" statements

2013 (VB 12.0) [edit]

Visual Basic 2013 was released alongside .NET Framework 4.5.ane with Visual Studio 2013. Tin can also build .Net Framework iv.5.2 applications by installing Programmer Pack.^[25]

2015 (VB fourteen.0) [edit]

Visual Basic 2015 (lawmaking named VB "14.0") was released with Visual Studio 2015. Linguistic communication features include a new "?." operator to perform inline null checks, and a new cord interpolation feature is included to format strings inline.^[26]

2017 (VB 15.x) [edit]

Visual Basic 2017 (code named VB "xv.0") was released with Visual Studio 2017. Extends support for new Visual Basic 15 linguistic communication features with revision 2017, 15.3, xv.5, 15.8. Introduces new refactorings that let organizing source lawmaking with one action.^{[27] [28]}

2019 (VB xvi.0) [edit]

Visual Basic 2019 (code named VB "16.0") was released with Visual Studio 2019. ^[29] It is the first version of Visual Basic focused on .NET Core.^[xxx]

Cross-platform and open-source development [edit]

The official Visual Basic compiler is written in Visual Basic and is bachelor on GitHub equally a part of the .Net Compiler Platform.^[31] The cosmos of open-source tools for Visual Bones development has been deadening compared to C#, although the Mono evolution platform provides an implementation of Visual Basic-specific libraries and a Visual Basic 2005 compatible compiler written in Visual Basic,^[32] as well as standard framework libraries such as Windows Forms GUI library.

MonoDevelop is an open-source culling IDE. The Gambas environment is besides similar but distinct from Visual Basic.

See also [edit]

• Microsoft Visual Studio Limited
• List of .NET libraries and frameworks
• Comparing of C# and Visual Basic .NET
• Visual Bones for Applications
• Microsoft Small Basic
• Comparison of programming languages

References [edit]

1. ^ "Visual Studio 2019 version 16.nine Release Notes". Dec xiv, 2021. Retrieved Dec 25, 2021.
2. ^ ^{a b} "Option Explicit and Option Strict in Visual Basic .NET and in Visual Basic". Support. Microsoft. March 19, 2008. Retrieved August 22, 2013.
3. ^ Dollard, Kathleen (November 13, 2018). "Visual Basic in .Net Core 3.0". blogs.msdn.microsoft.com.
4. ^ ^{a b} "Visual Bones support planned for .Internet 5.0 | Visual Basic Blog". Blogs.msdn.microsoft.com. March eleven, 2020. Retrieved Baronial 26, 2020.
5. ^ "Dotnet/Roslyn". GitHub.
6. ^ "New Features in Visual Bones 10".
7. ^ "Module Statement". MSDN – Developer Heart. Retrieved January 20, 2010.
8. ^ "Main Procedure in Visual Basic". MSDN – Programmer Center. Retrieved January xx, 2010.
9. ^ "Visual Basic Version of Hello, Earth". MSDN – Programmer Center. Retrieved January 20, 2010.
10. ^ "Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 Migration Resources Center". MSDN. Microsoft. Retrieved November 9, 2014.
11. ^ "Visual Studio 2003 Retired Technical documentation". Microsoft Download Center.
12. ^ Krill, Paul (February 27, 2009). "Microsoft converging programming languages | Developer Globe". InfoWorld. Archived from the original on Jan 26, 2013. Retrieved Baronial 18, 2013.
13. ^ "Microsoft Intermediate Language". Dotnet-guide.com. Retrieved Baronial 18, 2013.
14. ^ Mackenzie, Duncan (2006). "Navigate The .Internet Framework And Your Projects With The My Namespace". MSDN Magazine Visual Studio 2005 Guided Tour 2006. Microsoft.
15. ^ Whitney, Tyler (November 2005). "My.Internals: Examining the Visual Basic My Characteristic". MSDN. Microsoft.
16. ^ "What'south New with the Visual Basic Upgrade Wizard in Visual Basic 2005". msdn2.microsoft.com.
17. ^ "Defining and Using Generics in Visual Basic 2005". msdn2.microsoft.com.
18. ^ "Operator Overloading in Visual Basic 2005". msdn2.microsoft.com.
19. ^ Sherriff, Lucy (February 22, 2005). "Existent Software slams MS IsNot patent application". The Register. Retrieved Apr 6, 2009.
20. ^ Taft, Darryl K. (February 21, 2005). "Real Software Slams Microsofts Patent Endeavor". eWeek. Retrieved Apr half-dozen, 2009.
21. ^ Vick, Paul A. Jr.; Barsan, Costica Corneliu; Silvery, Amanda K. (May 14, 2003). "United States Patent Application: 20040230959". Patent Application Full Text and Image Database. US Patent & Trademark Office. Retrieved April half dozen, 2009.
22. ^ "What the heck is "VBx"?". May one, 2007. Retrieved Baronial 12, 2009. With the new DLR, we accept support for IronPython, IronRuby, Javascript, and the new dynamic VBx compile
23. ^ "What is New in Visual Bones 2010". Microsoft. 2009. Retrieved August 12, 2009. Visual Basic binds to objects from dynamic languages such as IronPython and IronRuby
24. ^ "What's New in Visual Basic 2010". Microsoft. 2010. Retrieved August 1, 2010.
25. ^ Download Microsoft .Net Framework 4.5.2 Developer Pack for Windows Vista SP2, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows eight.one, Windows Server 2008 SP2 Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Windows Server 2012 and Windows Server 2012 R2 from Official Microsoft Download Eye
26. ^ "New Language Features in Visual Basic 14". msdn.com.
27. ^ reshmim. "Visual Studio 2017 Release Notes". world wide web.visualstudio.com.
28. ^ reshmim. "What'south new for Visual Basic 2017,xv.three,15.five,fifteen.8". world wide web.visualstudio.com.
29. ^ reshmim. "Visual Studio 2019 Release Notes". www.visualstudio.com.
30. ^ reshmim. "What'southward new for Visual Basic xvi.0". world wide web.visualstudio.com.
31. ^ Roslyn, .NET Foundation, April 13, 2019, retrieved April fourteen, 2019
32. ^ "Redirecting…". world wide web.mono-project.com.

Farther reading [edit]

1. "Visual Basic Linguistic communication Specification 8.0". Microsoft Corporation. Nov 15, 2005. Retrieved Dec 10, 2010.
2. "Visual Bones Linguistic communication Specification 9.0". Microsoft Corporation. December 19, 2007. Retrieved September 28, 2011.
3. "Visual Basic Language Specification eleven.0". Microsoft Corporation. June vii, 2013. Retrieved September 22, 2013.

External links [edit]

Wikiversity has learning resource virtually VB.NET

• Official website
• The Visual Basic Team Web log

joneswilicul1963.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET

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